5. Currency translation

Financial statements in foreign currencies are translated in accordance with the functional currency concept. The functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which a KION Group subsidiary operates. The modified closing-rate method is used for currency translation.

The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, including goodwill, are translated at the middle spot exchange rate, i.e. at the average of the bid or offer rates on the reporting date. Income and expenses are translated at the average rate. With the exception of income and expenses recognized as other comprehensive income, equity is translated at historical rates. The resulting translation differences are not taken to income and are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income until subsidiaries are disposed of.

The financial statements of foreign equity-accounted investments are also translated using the method described above.

Transactions in foreign currencies of the subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements are translated into the relevant company’s functional currency at the rate prevailing on the transaction date. On the reporting date, monetary items are translated at the closing rate and non-monetary items at the rate prevailing on the transaction date. Currency translation differences are recognized in net financial income/expenses if they relate to financing activities. They are recognized in other income/expenses if they relate to the operating business.